Resonancia magnética funcional de reposo en el trastorno por déficit de atención e hiperactividad / Resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

OBJETIVOS: Explorar si los niños y adolescentes con trastorno por déficit de atención e hiperactividad (TDAH) tienen alterada la conectividad funcional entre la red de control ejecutivo y la red neuronal por defecto. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Estudio exploratorio de prueba diagnóstica, prospectivo, con diseño de casos y controles. Se reclutaron consecutivamente 56 participantes (29 con TDAH de tipo inatento o combinado y 27 controles) entre 7 y 16 años, de sexo masculino, dominancia derecha. Se aplicaron los criterios diagnósticos del DSM-5 como prueba de referencia y una batería de pruebas neuropsicológicas para confirmar el diagnóstico y evaluar comorbilidades. Se les realizó resonancia magnética funcional de reposo como prueba índice. La aplicación y evaluación de las pruebas fue ciega. Las regiones cerebrales se escogieron a priori y se usó técnica de región de interés. Se evaluó la conectividad funcional de la corteza del cíngulo anterior (CCA) con el precuneus (P), la corteza del cíngulo posterior (CCP) y la corteza prefrontal dorsomedial (CPDM). RESULTADOS: Las conectividades funcionales en cada una de las asociaciones evaluadas en los pacientes con TDAH comparado con los controles fueron: P_D=0,41 vs. 0,44; CCP_D=0,43 vs. 0,53; CPDM_D=0,75 vs. 0,79; P_I=0,40 vs. 0,41; CCP_I=0,48 vs. 0,53; CPDM_I=0,76 vs. 0,72). D: lado derecho I: lado izquierdo. Valor de p> 0,05. CONCLUSIÓN: La conectividad funcional cerebral en estado de reposo es menor en los pacientes con TDAH cuando se compara con controles sanos; sin embargo, la diferencia no fue estadísticamente significativa

OBJECTIVE: To explore whether children and adolescents with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have altered the functional connectivity between the executive control network and the default mode network. METHODS: Exploratory study of a diagnostic test, prospective, case and control design. A total of 56 participants were recruited consecutively (29 inattentive or combined ADHD subtype and 27 controls) between 7 and 16 years old, male, right dominance. DSM-5 was applied as reference test and a battery of neuropsychological tests to confirm the diagnosis and assess comorbidities. Resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging was performed as an index test. The application and evaluation of the tests was blind. The brain regions were chosen a priori and the region of interest technique was used. The functional connectivity of the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) was evaluated with: the precuneus (P), the posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) and the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (DMPC). RESULTS: The functional connectivity in each of the associations evaluated in the patients with ADHD compared with the controls were: P_D=0.41 vs 0.44; CCP_D=0.43 vs 0.53; CPDM_D=0.75 vs. 0.79; P_I=0.40 vs 0.41; CCP_I=0.48 vs 0.53; CPDM_I=0.76 vs. 0.72). D: right side I: left side. Value of p> 0.05. CONCLUSION: Cerebral functional connectivity at rest is lower in ADHD patients when compared with healthy controls, however, the difference was not statistically significant

Tratamiento de verruga plantar con bleomicina: presentación de un caso / Plantar wart treatment with bleomycin: presentation of a case

RESUMEN Las verrugas vulgares son proliferaciones benignas producidas por el HPV (virus del papiloma humano) que afectan al 7-10 % de la población en general. Cuando se localizan en la planta del pie generan intenso dolor, interfiriendo en la vida diaria del paciente, y su erradicación suele ser dificultosa. Existen múltiples tratamientos; ninguno es efectivo en su totalidad. La bleomicina es una opción terapéutica en aquellos casos rebeldes y recidivantes.

SUMMARY Common warts are benign proliferations caused by HPV (papilloma virus).When these are in foot generate an intense pain that interferes with daily life of the patient and are difficult to eradicate. There are multiple treatments, none is completely effective. Bleomycin is a therapeutic option for those rebels and recurrent cases.

Utilidad de la lectura del software de ventilación mecánica no invasiva como predictor de exacerbación / Utility of non-invasive mechanical ventilation software readings as a predictor of exacerbation

Objetivo: determinar si la lectura del software de equipos de ventilación no invasiva (VMNI) domiciliaria puede predecir una exacerbación mediante la evaluación de los siguientes parámetros: frecuencia respiratoria, número de respiraciones activadas por el paciente, fuga y cumplimiento. Metodología: estudio prospectivo observacional en el que se compararon variables del software del ventilador en pacientes ventilados en domicilio. Se detectaron las exacerbaciones que requirieron ingreso hospitalario por acidosis respiratoria y se compararon las variables recogidas en este grupo de pacientes en situación estable y en los 10 días previos al ingreso. Resultados: se analizaron 43 pacientes (18 con diagnóstico de enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica (EPOC) y 25 con síndrome de obesidad-hipoventilación (SOH)). No se encontraron diferencias significativas en los parámetros estudiados en situación estable al comparar los pacientes que no ingresaron con los pacientes que precisaron un ingreso posteriormente. La tasa de exacerbación global fue de 32,55% (el 44% de los pacientes diagnosticados de EPOC y el 24% del total de los pacientes con SOH) Al comparar las variables del software en los pacientes exacerbados, en situación estable y previas al ingreso, encontramos diferencias significativas (p = 0,017) en la frecuencia respiratoria, que se mostró más elevada previo a la exacerbación, con una diferencia entre medianas de 2 (0,75 - 3,5). Respecto a las respiraciones activadas, no se encontró una significación estadística, aunque sí una tendencia a la significación (p = 0,055), de forma que existía un mayor porcentaje de respiraciones activadas por el paciente previo a la exacerbación, con una diferencia entre medianas de 8 (-1- 21). Conclusiones: el estudio de variables asociadas a la monitorización de la VMNI domiciliaria puede ser útil como predictor de exacerbaciones. En nuestro caso la frecuencia respiratoria fue la más sensible mostrando un aumento previo al ingreso hospitalario

Objective: to determine if the readings from the built-in software (BIS) used in non-invasive ventilation (NIV) at home can predict an exacerbation by evaluating of parameters like respiratory rate, percentage of respiratory cycles triggered by the patient, leaks and daily use. Method: an observational prospective study comparing the variables of the BIS obtained from patients using NIV at home. Exacerbations that required hospitalization for respiratory acidosis were detected, and the variables collected in this group of patients in a stable situation were compared with the variables collected 10 days prior to admission. Results: we analyzed 43 patients (18 with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and 25 with obesityhypoventilation syndrome (OHS)). There were no significant differences in the parameters studied in stable situation when we compared patients who did not need an admission with patients who required admission later. The overall exacerbation rate was 32.55% (44% of patients diagnosed with COPD and 24% of patients diagnosed with SOH). When comparing the software variables in the exacerbated patients, both in a stable situation and prior to admission, we found significant differences (p= 0.017) in the respiratory rate, which was higher prior to the exacerbation, presenting a difference between medians of 2 (0.75 - 3.5). Regarding respiratory cycles triggered by the patient no statistical significance was found, although a trend towards statistical significance was found (p = 0.055), so that there was a higher percentage of respirtory cycles triggered by the patient prior to exacerbation, presenting a difference between medians of 8 (-1 - 21). Conclusions: the study of variables associated with the monitoring of NIV at home may be useful as a predictor of exacerbations. In our case the respiratory rate was the most sensitive, showing an increment of their values prior to a hospital admission

Caracterización clínica, bioquímica y molecular de una paciente colombiana con enfermedad de Tay-Sachs / Clinical, biochemical, and molecular findings in a Colombian patient with Tay-Sachs disease

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Control de calidad del cribado prenatal de aneuploidías. Control epidemiológico y control de calidad de la medición de la translucencia nucal: resultados de un hospital de tercer nivel durante un periodo de 3 años / Quality assurance in prenatal screening for aneuploidies. epidemiologic assessment and quality control in nuchal translucency measurements: Results in a tertiary hospital over a 3-year period

El cribado combinado temprano es el método actual de cribado más efectivo en la detección del síndrome de Down. Un aspecto esencial e imprescindible es su control de calidad. En este estudio hemos pretendido evaluar de forma retrospectiva el rendimiento del screening en nuestro hospital entre abril de 2010 y abril de 2013. Hemos obtenido una tasa de detección para síndrome de Down de un 84,21% para una tasa de falsos positivos del 2,66%. Seguidamente hemos evaluado la calidad de nuestras mediciones de la TN utilizando las medianas de los MoM, con una clara tendencia a la infraestimación. Tan solo el 30,4% de los ecografistas presentaban medianas de los MoM de la TN entre 0,9 y 1,1. Nuestra tasa de detección y tasa de falsos positivos se encuentran por debajo de los estándares marcados por la Fetal Medicine Foundation, y la causa se encuentra en la infraestimación de la TN. Sin embargo, sí se observa una tendencia a la mejora en la calidad a lo largo de los años y nuestros resultados son acordes con los de otras publicaciones. La conclusión que podemos extraer es la importancia de que cada centro lleve a cabo controles de calidad de forma periódica. Es esencial la formación y evaluación individual de los ecografistas para poder intervenir en caso de desviaciones importantes

Effective screening for Down syndrome can be provided in the first trimester of pregnancy. Quality assurance is an essential aspect of this first-trimester screening. The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of first-trimester screening in our hospital from April 2010 through April 2013. We obtained an 84.21% detection rate for Down syndrome for a false positive rate of 2.66%. Subsequently, we evaluated the quality of our NT measurements by using the median nuchal translucency multiples of the median (MoM) and found systematic underestimation of NT. Only 30.4% of the sonographers reported median nuchal translucency MoM between 0.9 and 1.1. Our detection rate and false-positive rate were below the standards described by the Fetal Medicine Foundation. The cause was NT underestimation. Nevertheless, we observed a trend toward an improvement in the quality of NT measurements during the 3-year period. Our results are similar to those of other publications. The results of our study show the importance of quality assurance. Training and continual monitoring of data from individual sonographers are needed to ensure that measurements do not deviate

Hospital and ambulatory management, and compliance to treatment in HIV infection: regional health insurance agency analysis.

OBJECTIVE: We had for objective to study HIV management (hospital, ambulatory, and mixed) and assess compliance with health insurance database. METHOD: We conducted a retrospective study using the French Social Security (CPAM) database. The inclusion criteria were: age>18years of age, at least 2 prescriptions of antiretroviral therapy. RESULTS: Five hundred and seventy-five patients were included: extra-hospital (12), hospital (162), mixed (401). The prescriptions were exclusively hospital issued for 76.2% of the patients. Among the mixed group patients, 91% of treatments were delivered at least once in the community, and 45.6% of biological tests were performed in private laboratories at least once. The sex ratio (2.1 vs. 1.3), the number of patients having switched antiretroviral therapy (36.7% vs. 27.8%), and the frequency of biological tests (3.1 vs. 2.6) were significantly higher in the mixed group compared to the hospital group. The mean compliance was 90% in the hospital group and 91.8% in the mixed group. The compliance was<80% for 104 patients (21.8%). Patients with≥80% compliance were older (46.1years of age vs. 42.7years of age), with more frequent biological tests (3 per year vs. 2.5 per year), and more frequent switches in treatment (35.4% vs. 26.0%). CONCLUSION: Prescriptions of ARV were almost exclusively hospital issued. Their dispensation and biological tests were split between hospital and extra-hospital settings. Most patients demonstrated an optimal compliance. The CPAM database allows describing HIV management and assessing compliance.

Consersvative surgery, external radiotherapy, and HDR brachyterapy in a single fraction of 7 Gy in early breast cancer: long term toxicity and esthetic assessment

INTRODUCTION: The essential issue in conservative treatment is the quality in breast preservation. When risk factors for local relapse exist, a tumour bed boost is required, but the boost choice remains controversial. Prospectively, we studied long-term toxicity, cosmetic outcome and prognostic factors. MATERIALS AND METHODS: After conservative treatment, 115 patients received a single dose of 7 Gy HDR-brachytherapy (HDR-BT) boost between June 1996 and December 2005. Late toxicity was assessed using the LENT-SOMA scale. For esthetic assessment, a subjective scale was used for patients and a modified Fehlauer scale for physicians. Mean age was 56.6 years. Invasive ductal carcinoma (78 %) and lumpectomy (60 %) were predominantly reported. 48 % received chemotherapy (CT). RESULTS: Regarding toxicity, 39 % of patients reported breast pain, 75 % fibrosis, 56 % telangiectasias, 19 % lymphoedema, and 51 % retraction/atrophy. Concerning management, 22 % of patients with pain and 45 % with lymphoedema were treated. The esthetic result was found satisfactory by 96 % of the patients and 85 % of the physicians. Fibrosis was influenced by CT and a larger irradiated volume and telangiectasias by a greater implant volume. CONCLUSIONS: HDR-BT boost shows good cosmetic effects with acceptable toxicity. Patients overestimate the esthetic outcome. LENT/SOMA is useful to assess chronic toxicity (AU)

Early-stage breast cancer conservative treatment: high-dose-rate brachytherapy boost in a single fraction of 700 cGy to the tumour bed

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Conservative treatment represents the current therapy for early-stage breast cancer. When risk factors for local relapse exist, a tumour bed boost is required. Retrospectively, we evaluated the prognostic factors influencing local recurrence (LR), overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS). MATERIAL AND METHODS: After conservative treatment, 210 patients received a single-dose HDR brachytherapy (HDRBT) boost between June 1996 and December 2005. Mean age was 57 years; 75% had invasive ductal carcinoma. The most frequent surgery was lumpectomy (55.7%); 39.4% were G3, 18.6% intraductal component >25% and only 22% had negative margins. RESULTS: With a mean follow-up of 85 months, at 5 and 10 years the OS was 93% and 88%, DFS 92% and 89%, and LR 3.6% and 5.3%, respectively. For LR, the risk factors were carcinoma in situ, N+ and involved margins, whereas for metastasis, the risk factors were T2 tumours, stage III, N+ and the presence of local recurrence. CONCLUSIONS: HDR-BT boost in one fraction is an effective, simple and safe method for reducing LR. The outpatient setting and shorter treatment duration represent undeniable advantages (AU)